Exercicis de gerunds i infinitives — Anglès 1r Batxillerat

'Would you mind opening the window?' 'Mind' va sempre amb gerundi (opening).

'She promised to call me tonight.' 'Promise' va amb to-infinitive (to call).

'meeting': amb 'forget' i 'remember', el gerundi es refereix a un record del passat.

swimming.
Enjoy va sempre seguit de gerundi (-ing).

to move.
Decide va seguit de to-infinitiu.

saying.
Després d'una preposició (without) sempre fem servir el gerundi.

stay.
Després de let i make (+ persona) va l'infinitiu sense to.

Swimming is good for your back.
Quan un verb fa de subjecte de la frase, fem servir el gerundi.

Gerundi: finish, avoid, suggest.
To-infinitiu: hope, want, learn.

to see.
Després d'un adjectiu que expressa un sentiment (happy, glad, sad, surprised...) fem servir to-infinitiu.

'He's very good at solving problems.' Després de la preposició 'at' sempre hi va gerundi (solving).

'My parents want me to study medicine.' Estructura want + sb + to-infinitive (want me to study).

'tried to open': vaig intentar obrir-la (potser no ho vaig aconseguir).
'tried opening': vaig provar d'obrir-la per veure si així se solucionava un problema (per exemple, la calor): és un experiment.

'to inform': amb to-infinitive, 'regret' introdueix una mala notícia que es comunica ara (molt formal). Amb gerundi seria penediment d'una cosa passada.

a) I remember locking the door (record d'una acció passada).
b) Remember to lock the door (recordar de fer una cosa en el futur).

a) She suggested going to the cinema.
b) I enjoy reading comics.
Suggest i enjoy van seguits de gerundi.

I'm used to getting up early: to és una preposició i va amb gerundi; vol dir 'estic acostumat a'.
I used to live in Vic: used to + infinitiu expressa un hàbit del passat que ja no existeix.

I like swimming: m'agrada nedar en general (gust o afició).
I'd like to swim: m'agradaria nedar (desig concret, ara o en un moment determinat).

It is important to learn languages.
Aquesta estructura és més natural quan el subjecte és llarg i evita començar la frase amb el gerundi.

I use this app to learn (o for learning) new vocabulary.
Per expressar la finalitat podem usar to + infinitiu o for + gerundi.

a) flying
b) paying
c) moving
Després de qualsevol preposició (of, on, in, about...) el verb va en gerundi.

'I'm looking forward to seeing you.' / 'I'm not used to working at night.'
En totes dues, 'to' és una preposició (no forma part de l'infinitiu): darrere d'una preposició, el verb va en gerundi.

'to buy', 'answering', 'to help'. 'afford' i 'agree' van seguits de to-infinitive; 'avoid', de gerundi. No hi ha una regla de sentit per a tots: cal aprendre'ls en llistes.

'stopped to buy': em vaig aturar per comprar aigua (to-infinitive de finalitat).
'stopped buying': vaig deixar de comprar aigua embotellada (gerundi: l'activitat que s'acaba).

Go on to + infinitiu: passar a fer una altra cosa després (després de la introducció, va explicar les regles).
Go on + gerundi: continuar fent la mateixa acció (va continuar parlant durant hores).

a) laughing
b) crying
c) waiting
Can't help, it's no use i there's no point in van sempre amb gerundi.

a) The patient needs to be operated on.
b) He doesn't like being laughed at.
La forma passiva de l'infinitiu és to be + participi; la del gerundi, being + participi.

a) He admitted stealing the bike (o admitted to stealing).
b) She made me wait (make + persona + infinitiu sense to).
c) I'd rather stay at home (would rather + infinitiu sense to).

Les dues tenen el mateix sentit passiu: el cotxe necessita que algú el renti.
Need + gerundi té sentit passiu implícit; need + to be + participi ho fa explícit. Error típic: the car needs to wash.

Model: I enjoy studying in the library. Last year I decided to wake up earlier. I'm looking forward to finishing my exams. I used to study at night. It's important to take breaks. I'm good at organising my notes.
Fixa't que 'looking forward to' i 'good at' porten gerundi perquè to i at són preposicions.

a) using: allow + gerundi quan no hi ha complement de persona.
b) to use: allow + persona + infinitiu amb to.
c) taking: advise + gerundi sense persona.
d) to take: advise + persona + infinitiu amb to.
Els verbs allow, permit, advise, recommend, forbid segueixen aquesta regla.

a) She is interested in learning Japanese: interested in + gerundi.
b) It's worth visiting the museum: worth + gerundi.
c) I'd better go now: had better + infinitiu sense to.
d) I spent the whole weekend studying: spend time + gerundi.
e) She prevented him from leaving: prevent somebody from + gerundi.

a) to let: finalitat d'una acció concreta.
b) for cutting (també s'accepta to cut): funció d'un objecte.
c) by listening: mitjà o manera d'aconseguir alguna cosa.
d) to borrow: finalitat d'una acció concreta (for borrowing no seria natural).

a) He claims to have met the president.
b) She admitted having lied. (O simplement lying.)
c) I'm sorry to have forgotten your birthday. (També sorry for having forgotten.)
d) She appears to have left without paying.
L'infinitiu o gerundi perfecte indica que l'acció és anterior al verb principal.

a) The coffee is too hot to drink. (No es repeteix l'objecte it.)
b) She is experienced enough to handle this situation. (Enough va darrere de l'adjectiu.)
c) He spoke too quietly for anyone to hear him. (for + subjecte + infinitiu quan el subjecte és diferent.)

a) Smoking is forbidden here. (Gerundi com a subjecte.)
b) I was surprised at his refusing / him refusing. (Possessiu o pronom objecte davant del gerundi; el possessiu és més formal.)
c) We insist on your staying. (També you staying.)

a) stay: would rather + infinitiu sense to.
b) walking / taking: prefer -ing to -ing.
c) not to go: would prefer + infinitiu amb to; el negatiu es posa davant de to.
d) not touch: had better + infinitiu sense to; el negatiu es posa davant del verb.

Model de resposta:
I enjoy playing the guitar, and I hope to join a band one day. Last year I gave up eating sweets, and I managed to lose three kilos. I avoid going out on weekdays because I want to pass my exams. My parents refused to lend me their car, so I plan to save money and buy a bike. I promised to visit my grandmother every Sunday, and I never forget to call her.
Claus de correcció: (1) almenys sis verbs diferents amb la construcció correcta; (2) cap gerundi després de hope, plan, promise, refuse, manage; (3) coherència del text.

1. making (worth + gerundi).
2. in (no point in + gerundi).
3. by (també s'accepta through).
4. making (avoid + gerundi).
5. having (admitted having taught, gerundi perfecte).
6. to (try to learn, intentar).
7. to (look forward to + gerundi; aquí to és preposició).
8. feeling (també s'accepta being; can't help + gerundi).

1. Enjoyable.
2. surprisingly.
3. emotional.
4. stressed.
5. optimistic.
6. increasingly.
7. treatment.
8. pressure.

a) being told.
b) rather not go.
c) mind not smoking.
d) succeeded in finishing.
e) allowed to stay.

La correcta és b): to és una preposició, així que va seguit de gerundi.
a) She suggested taking a taxi: suggest + gerundi.
c) He was made to wait for an hour: en passiva, make porta to.
d) The teacher let us leave early: let + persona + infinitiu sense to.
e) They are considering moving abroad: consider + gerundi.
f) I regret to tell you that the job has gone: regret to + verb de comunicació; say no admet complement de persona.

a) I regret missing the concert. (També not going to the concert.)
b) She was too tired to continue.
c) Remember to call me later.
d) How about having a picnic?
e) He'd rather cycle than drive.

Model de resposta:
Some people believe that happiness depends on enjoying the present and refusing to worry about the future. While I appreciate the wisdom in this idea, I think a balance between the two is far more sensible.
On the one hand, there is no point in spending every moment planning what may never happen. Those who keep postponing pleasure until they have achieved all their goals risk missing the best years of their lives. Learning to appreciate small moments, such as sharing a meal or going for a walk, brings genuine satisfaction.
On the other hand, ignoring the future can be costly. Students who avoid studying today may regret not having worked harder when it is time to choose a university. Similarly, anyone who hopes to buy a home someday must be prepared to save money consistently.
In my opinion, the key is to manage both aspects. We should make an effort to set realistic goals, yet we shouldn't forget to celebrate our achievements along the way.
In conclusion, enjoying the present and preparing for the future are not opposites. Together, they allow us to lead a fuller and more secure life.
Claus de correcció: (1) opinió matisada; (2) ús variat i correcte de gerundis i infinitius (enjoy, refuse, risk, avoid, hope, forget to); (3) connectors i registre formal.

a) Sorry to tell you is a polite way to introduce bad news I am about to give. Sorry for telling you expresses regret about something I have already done (I wish I had not told you).
b) Hates to interrupt refers to a specific situation, usually the present moment (I am sorry to interrupt, but...). Hates interrupting expresses a general dislike of the habit.
c) Afraid to tell means he does not dare to do it, so he may not tell her at all. Afraid of telling means he fears the consequences of telling her, and it can refer to a possibility he already considers likely.

1. to (finalitat).
2. working (també s'accepta dealing; enjoy + gerundi).
3. of (capable of + gerundi).
4. to (be used to + gerundi).
5. to (keen to + infinitiu).
6. to (decide to + infinitiu).
7. to (look forward to + gerundi).
8. being (appreciate + gerundi passiu).

1. popularity.
2. effective.
3. concentration.
4. independence.
5. cyclists.
6. improvement (també s'accepta improvements).
7. dangerous.
8. protection.

a) regret not asking.
b) having taken.
c) has difficulty (in) (has difficulty (in) getting up early, amb o sense in).
d) wasn't asked to take (també was not asked to take).
e) considering changing.

a) We weren't allowed to take photos.
b) She managed to get the grant.
c) How about taking a break?
d) He is proud of having won the medal. (També winning.)
e) We didn't need to hurry.

Model de resposta:
Some educators argue that learning by doing is far more effective than learning by reading. Although I believe practice is essential, I do not think it should replace reading altogether.
To begin with, practical experience helps us remember things. A student who builds a small robot will understand electronics much better than one who merely reads about circuits. Moreover, trying things out teaches us not to fear making mistakes, which is a fundamental part of learning.
However, reading allows us to benefit from other people's knowledge without having to repeat their mistakes. Imagine a surgeon who refused to read medical books and insisted on discovering everything by experience; nobody would agree to be operated on by such a person. Books also encourage us to think about ideas that we could never experience first-hand, such as the history of ancient civilisations.
In my opinion, the best approach is to combine both methods. Pupils should be given the chance to read about a subject before attempting to apply it, and they should be encouraged to reflect on what they have done afterwards.
In conclusion, learning is most effective when theory and practice go hand in hand.
Claus de correcció: (1) postura matisada amb exemples; (2) gerundis i infinitius correctes (fear making, refused to read, insisted on discovering, agree to be operated on); (3) cohesió i registre.