Exercicis del reported speech — Anglès 4t ESO

She said (that) she was tired. (present 'am' → past 'was'; 'I' → 'she')

He told me to close the door. (ordre → tell + me + to + infinitiu)

said. (expressió fixa 'say hello'; no hi ha objecte de persona directe)

El verb introductor és en passat (said), per tant el present passa a past simple: like → liked. Canviem el pronom I per he.
He said (that) he liked pizza.

El present continuous retrocedeix a past continuous (are playing → were playing) i we passa a they.
They said (that) they were playing tennis.

Les ordres negatives es reporten amb tell + persona + not to + infinitiu.
She told me not to be late.

Tell porta un objecte de persona (me), mentre que say no el porta directament.
He told me a secret.
Amb say diríem: He said he had a secret.

El modal can retrocedeix a could i el pronom I passa a he.
Tom said (that) he could swim.

El possessiu my es converteix en her (és de la Maria) i is retrocedeix a was.
Maria said (that) her brother was ill.

a) will → would
b) can → could
c) is → was
d) have → had
Aquest 'pas enrere' només es fa quan el verb introductor és en passat.

He said (that) he had finished his homework. (present perfect → past perfect 'had finished'; 'my' → 'his')

She asked me if I was hungry. (pregunta sí/no → if; ordre afirmatiu; 'are' → 'was')

She asked me to wait for her. (petició educada → ask + me + to + infinitiu; 'me' → 'her')

He told me that he was ready. (hi ha persona 'me' → tell, no say)

Will retrocedeix a would; I passa a he i you passa a la persona a qui parla (me o her/him).
He said (that) he would help me.

Am going passa a was going, i tonight passa a that night.
She said (that) she was going to the cinema that night.

En les preguntes sí/no fem servir if o whether, ordre afirmatiu i sense do/does.
He asked me if I liked sushi.
No es posa interrogant al final.

Les preguntes amb paraula interrogativa mantenen aquesta paraula, però amb l'ordre d'una frase afirmativa i sense auxiliar do.
She asked what time the film started.

Ordre negativa: told + persona + not to + infinitiu; your passa a our (els alumnes són «nosaltres») o their.
The teacher told us not to use our phones.

El present perfect retrocedeix a past perfect (have been → had been).
She said (that) she had never been to Rome.

a) now → then
b) today → that day
c) tomorrow → the next day / the following day
d) yesterday → the day before / the previous day
e) here → there

They said (that) they had seen the film the night before. (past simple → past perfect 'had seen'; 'last night' → 'the night before')

They asked where I had bought that jacket. (wh-; desapareix 'did'; past simple → past perfect 'had bought')

He asked me where I lived. (en la pregunta reportada l'ordre és afirmatiu, sense 'did': where I lived)

Anna told Pol (that) she had lost her wallet the day before. (past simple → past perfect, yesterday → the day before)
She asked him if he could lend her some money.
She said she would pay him back the next day.

a) És una promesa: He promised to be there on time.
b) És un avís: She warned us to be careful with that dog.
Aquests verbs ja contenen el sentit i eviten said that.

Tell sempre porta persona darrere. Hi ha dues solucions:
She said that she was tired. (sense persona)
She told me that she was tired. (amb persona)

a) El verb introductor és en present (says), així que no hi ha pas enrere: My sister says (that) she is tired.
b) És una veritat universal; el pas enrere és opcional: The teacher said (that) water boils (o boiled) at 100 degrees.

A l'estil indirecte la pregunta torna a ordre afirmatiu, sense did, i el verb retrocedeix un temps.
He asked me if I knew the answer.

The mechanic told us (that) he had repaired our car and (that) we could pick it up the next day.
He also asked us not to forget the invoice (please es reporta amb ask).