PAU Anglès 2019 · Setembre · Sèrie 5 · Part 1 · Reading comprehension

LEONARDO’S SALVATOR MUNDI: ART OR BUSINESS? Salvator Mundi, the long-lost Leonardo da Vinci painting of Jesus Christ ordered by King Louis XII of France more than 500 years ago, has been sold in New York at Christie’s, the well-known auction house, for more than $450 million, breaking the world record of any work of art sold at auction. It far surpassed Picasso’s Women of Algiers, which was sold for $179.4 million at Christie’s in May 2015. Christie’s marketing campaign was unprecedented in the art world. It was the first time the auction house had paid an agency for an advertising campaign. Christie’s produced a video that compared the painting to “the discovery of a new planet” and showed celebrities like Leonardo di Caprio and Patti Smith viewing it. Christie’s called the work “the last da Vinci,” the only known painting by the Renaissance master still in a private collection (some fifteen others are in museums), and “the biggest discovery of the 21st century.” In short, Christie’s ran a brilliant marketing campaign for a painting with a very complicated history. The oil on wood panel painting depicts a half-length figure of Christ as Savior of the World, facing frontally and dressed in flowing blue and crimson robes. He holds a crystal orb in his left hand as he raises his right hand in benediction. Leonardo, who died in 1519, is thought to have painted Salvator Mundi sometime after 1500, during the same period that he produced the Mona Lisa. It became part of the British Royal collection in the early 17th century. It then disappeared in 1763 until 1900, when it was acquired by Sir Charles Robinson, an art collector, for the Cook Collection in Richmond, England. At the time, the painting was thought to have been by Leonardo’s follower, Bernardino Luini. In 1958 the painting was sold by Sotheby’s (Christie’s rival auction house) for just £45 and the painting disappeared once again until it showed up in Louisiana in 2005. It was acquired, badly damaged and partly painted-over, by a consortium of American art dealers who paid less than $10,000 for it. They restored it extensively and documented its authenticity as a work by Leonardo. The masterpiece was long believed to have existed but was generally presumed to have been destroyed. In 2011, following six years of investigations, the work was confirmed as a genuine work of art by Leonardo and unveiled publicly at London’s National Gallery, making it the first discovery of a painting by Leonardo since 1909. The painting was then sold to a Swiss art dealer, who then sold it to a Russian billionaire in 2013 for $127.5 million in a private sale that became the subject of a continuing lawsuit. The Russian family has sold the painting, which was bought by a prince from Saudi Arabia and will eventually be displayed in the new museum, Louvre Abu Dhabi. Christie’s says most scholars agree that the painting is by Leonardo, though some critics have questioned the attribution and some say the extensive restoration makes it impossible to determine the work’s authorship. Before the auction, over 27,000 people had lined up at viewings in Hong Kong, London, San Francisco and New York to see the painting. Most of the people in line did not seem to care if Leonardo had actually made the work himself, or how much of the canvas had been repainted and restored. They just wanted to see a masterwork that dates from about 1500 and was rediscovered in 2005. Text adapted from The New York Times (November 15, 2017), The Telegraph (November 16, 2017) and The Guardian (November 20, 2017) to depict: representar crimson: carmesí unveiled: descobert / descubierto lawsuit: demanda judicial Part 1: Reading comprehension Choose the best answer according to the text. Only ONE answer is correct. [3 points: 0.375 points for each correct answer. Wrong answers will be penalized by deducting 0.125 points. There is no penalty for unanswered questions.] 1. The first owner of Salvator Mundi was the auction house Christ

Reading Comprehension 1. The first owner of Salvator Mundi was  The auction house Christie’s.  King Louis XII of France.  A Russian art dealer.  An anonymous American collector. 2. Before they put the painting up for sale, Christie’s  showed it to professional collectors in France.  had the painting put in a new frame.  made a video to show the painting.  tried to cover up the painting’s complicated history. 3. Most of Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings that still exist are  on exhibit in museums.  owned by private collectors.  currently being restored.  in very poor condition. 4. Salvator Mundi has been in known hands  since the XVIth century.  for seven years, when it was first shown to the public.  since it was acquired by a group of American art dealers 13 years ago.  only for a short time compared with its 500+ years of existence. 5. In 2005, a group of Americans  bought the painting from a museum in Richmond, England.  found the painting in a garage in San Francisco. […]